Tomorrow is a special New Moon, because across the South Pacific people will be able to view an annular solar eclipse. The photo above, by Dennis Mammana (from spaceweather.com) shows a previous annular (ringlike) eclipse.
Off to the west and southwest from here, in a tradition over four-and-a-half millennia old, millions of people are headed for the warmth of their family homes or are preparing for the trip in celebration of the Lunar New Year, the second new moon after the Winter Solstice. This time of year many of the largest Asian cities become virtually deserted as people return to the villages of their ancestral roots. The Year of the Rat is ending and the Year of the Ox is about to begin. It is a time of homecoming, even more so than is our tradition at Thanksgiving. The annual return of Chinese people to their homeland from new homes all over the world is the planet’s largest human migration.

Gōng xǐ fā cái! The traditional Chinese greeting of “Kung hei fat choi,” is commonly translated as a wish for a happy and prosperous new year. In fact, it is literally congratulations on one’s prosperity and a subtle hint that since one is so prosperous one might hand over a traditional red “lai see” packet of money. For kids, it is very much like Halloween trick-or-treat.
In Vietnam, the red envelopes of “lucky money” are called li xi. In Japan, parents give their children otoshidama for oshogatsu (new year’s), a special “allowance” or gift of money in a pochibukuro, a special packet. In the weeks leading up to the new year celebration, Japanese toy stores step up their advertising in order to attract as much of that otoshidama as they can. The appropriate New Year greeting in Japan is, “Akemashite omedeto gozaimasu.”
The New Year’s greeting in Korea, where the holiday is called “Seol” or “Seol-nal,” is “say hay boke-mahn he pah du say oh”, a wish for many blessings in the coming year. On sut dal sum mum, New Year’s Eve in Korea, lights are left on in every room all night and nobody is supposed to sleep, in order to greet the new year alertly with eyes bright and wide open. An old belief said that if one slept that night, his eyebrows would turn white. The day before the new year begins is traditionally spent in a thorough housecleaning.
The ritual cleansing and the wearing of new clothes is a widespread new year tradition in Asian cultures. In Japan the cleaning and shopping may take up to two or three weeks before the holiday, and there are
bonenkai, forget-the-year parties, to wipe out bad memories of the past year. At
bonenkai, the usually strict observances of social position are relaxed and it becomes acceptable to use more informal and “impolite” language.
At midnight, Buddhist temples ring their bells 108 times to call in the new year. At this season, flanking the entrances of most buildings in Japan are kadomatsu (above), which always consist of pine boughs symbolizing endurance, a vigorous old age and success in adversity. They also frequently include bamboo for uprightness (virtue, fidelity, constancy) and growth, and plum branches to symbolize spirit.
During the weeklong celebrations of Tet, Vietnamese families erect a pole called Cay Neu (above) in front of their homes. Bamboo is often used as a Cay Neu. All the leaves are removed from the tree so that it can be wrapped or decorated by good luck red paper. Legends have it that the red color scares off evil spirits. The sounds of gongs, bells, and firecrackers, and symbols such as bows and arrows also serve to drive out evil spirits.

The correct new year greeting in Vietnam is Chúc Mừng Nǎm Mới, Cung Chúc Tân Niên, or Cung Chúc Tân Xuân. Choose one, and try to say it correctly, at your own risk. Debts are paid off before the beginning of Tet, and an auspicous new start is represented by decorating with the hoa mai flower (above), a symbol of spring. Families visit temples and pray for peace and prosperity. Painstaking care is given to starting the year out right, since it is believed that the first day and the first week of the new year will determine the fortunes or misfortunes for the rest of the year. People avoid showing anger or being rude, and refrain from visiting those who are ill or in mourning. On the last day of Tet, the Cay Neu is taken down.
The themes of out-with-the-old, in-with-the-new and out-with-the-bad, in-with-the-good pervade new year’s celebrations across cultures. In Japan, the shimenawa, ropes made of rice straw, ward off evil spirits while the gohei, zigzag shapes made of cut and folded paper and hung from the shimenawa or from the sacred sakaki tree, invoke the presence of the gods. I am reminded of the Native American tradition of smudging with a combination of pungent sage to repel evil and fragrant sweet grass to attract friendly spirits.
In Korea, the tradition is to decorate the home with bok jo ri, a strainer or scoop used to separate rice grains from the chaff. Its symbolic use is to scoop up happiness and good things and leave out the rest.
Like most Americans, I grew up thinking of this as “Chinese” New Year. I have a vivid childhood memory of celebrations in the street, firecrackers, a wild cacophany of noise and bewildering melange of light and color. There were many one- and two-man “lions” and a long, colorful glittering silk-and-sequin dragon dancing in the street. It wove from side to side across the street for about a block. There would have had to have been a hundred men or more dancing that dragon! I might have been in San Francisco’s Chinatown at the time, or the parade could have been in San Jose; I do not recall which it was. QuickTime movie of a parade dragon
Vietnamese Tet celebrations often include dancing unicorns based upon the traditional lion or dragon dances of China. Fireworks are a traditional part of the Chinese celebrations, and in Vietnam at the ceremony called Le Tru Tich at Giao Thua (the mid-night hour), to welcome Tet, the first hour of the first day of the new year. Fireworks are not part of the usual celebration in Japan or Korea, where it is traditional to climb a mountain and watch the sunrise on New Years.
Everyone becomes a year older on new year’s day, regardless of the date of their birthday. Chinese astrology differs markedly from the Chaldean Zodiac with which most Westerners are familiar. Combining the principles of both systems can yield a fuller understanding of a personal birth chart. The twelve animal signs rotate in a twelve-year cycle and combine with the five elements in a sixty-year great cycle. Since everyone’s “birthday” is the same – New Year’s Day – everyone born in a particular year has the same sign.
I’m a witty and wily Monkey, and my son Doug is a self-confident Rooster. People born in the year of the Ox, including actor Armand Assante; tennis great Monica Seles; musicians Bonnie Raitt and Lindsey Buckingham; poet Bei Dao, Pablo Escobar, head of the Medellin Cartel; journalist James Fallows; politician Walid Jumblatt; Linda Lovelace, porn star turned anti-porn activist; comics Garry Shandling and Kirsten Wiig; Gary Leon Ridgway, the Green River Killer; film director Peter Jackson; actor Woody Harrelson; trumpeter Wynton Marsalis; U2 drummer Larry Mullen; basketball star Dennis Rodman; musician Henry Rollins; Cary Stayner, the Yosemite Killer; Jason Acuña, dwarf on Jackass; models Heidi Klum, Twiggy and Tyra Banks; street magician David Blaine; rapper Mos Def; Leyla Zana, Turkish activist jailed for speaking Kurdish; porn star Mimi Miyagi; California Congressman Devin Nuñes; and Aishwarya Rai, the Queen of Bollywood, are supposed to be steady, quiet and plain. Yeah, right.
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